The Relationship Between Child Sexual Abuse and Alexithymic Symptoms in a Population of Recovering Adult Substance Abusers

ABSTRACT

Recovering substance abusers with a history of childhood sexual abuse (n = 69) or no history of childhood sexual abuse (n = 68) completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and a background survey assessing demographic data and (In the case of sexually abused respondents) parameters of the childhood abuse experienced. The sexually abused group scored significantly higher than the non-abused group on the TAS. Within the abused group, measured alexithymic symptomatology was found to be related positively to the duration of the abuse. Alexithymia was significantly higher when the sexual abuse first occurred after the victim had reached the age of 12, when a perpetrator of the sexual abuse was a father or stepfather, and when the abuse involved oral, vaginal, and/or anal penetration. Results were interpreted as indicating that the development of alexithymic symptoms may represent another defense victims may employ to insulate themselves from painful affect, along with dissociative symptoms and substance abuse, which have been shown previously to characterize adult survivors of child sexual abuse.     

伦理人格与法律人格的辩证关系——民事主体制度正当性说明

现代民法中法律人格制度的构造是由德国历史法学派的研究方法决定的。法律人格以伦理人格作为其哲学基础，学说对法律人格的解释和发展难以避开伦理人格相关理论，但是仅拘泥于伦理人格，造成了法人制度构建解释上的困难。在法律实证主义的研究思潮中，伦理哲学对于法学的影响逐渐衰退，宪法中关于人的伦理条款担当了传统伦理人格对于法律人格的指导作用。     

不同的选择决定不同的人格存在——以存在主义解读《红字》与《荆棘鸟》

1850年问世的《红字》以及一个多世纪后的1977年面世的《荆棘鸟》可谓神父爱情悲剧的孪生篇章。通过对比可以看出,两部作品中的人物在欲望中的不同选择导致不同人格存在：在欲望中沉沦的邪恶者、在欲望中迷失的可悲者以及在欲望中自我救赎的坚守者。可以说作品中关于欲望与选择以及人性内在关联的深刻阐释使这两部小说具备了文学艺术的永恒价值。     

论刑罚执行理念的新动向

监禁刑罚有着种种自身难以克服的缺陷，常常造成罪犯被社会的驱逐，人是社会性动物，行刑社会化是行刑方式改革的方向之一；人性与人道体现了刑法的人文关怀，是刑罚设置与执行必须遵守的法则；刑罚的执行，其关注焦点应从单纯地考察行为转变为行为和行为人的人格因素并重；刑罚执行中过度的去伦理道德化导致刑法的公众认同危机，伦理道德成份的合理回归值得肯定。     

中国人的儒道互补人格及其内在变动机制

新近不断上演的许多社会冲突事件,折射出了中国传统文化沉淀的人性内涵,尤其是哪些与中国传统儒道互补文化紧密相关的典型的人格特征。儒道互补人格的形式、内容及其特征受限于儒道互补文化的整体特征,形成了一个二而为一的有机体系。人物心理传记法及心理测量法的研究结果均表明:中国人的人格特征显现出了道中有儒、儒中有道的儒道互补的格局。在上述研究的基础上,通过对王安石和嵇康的比较心理传记学分析,进一步探讨了儒道互补人格的内在机制,结果发现:儒道互补人格的变动机制与社会环境、个人独特的性格及内在理想三者间的互动有关。     

“人心”与“文心”的分裂——论王褒诗品与人品中的两面性

王褒为人的行为方式与其诗文作品之间始终存在着矛盾,从人心这个角度看,他是荷恩眄,忘羁旅,性格是软弱谨慎的,从文心即文学作品的角度来看,他又不断地抒写着羁旅之感与归乡之念,不断地在和不幸的命运作着抗争。这种分裂人格的存在是由于王褒在历史的大变革以后戴上了人格面具,从而造成了人心与文心分裂的结果。     

Pathways of disadvantage: Explaining the relationship between maternal depression and children’s problem behaviors

A large body of literature documents that children of depressed mothers have impaired cognitive, behavioral, and health outcomes throughout the life course, though much less is known about the mechanisms linking maternal depression to children’s outcomes. In this paper, I use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to estimate and explain the consequences of maternal depression for 5-year-old children’s internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. Ordinary least squared (OLS) regression models and propensity score models show that children exposed to both chronic and intermittent maternal depression have more problem behaviors than their counterparts with never depressed mothers. Results also show that economic resources and maternal parenting behaviors mediate much of the association between maternal depression and children’s problem behaviors, but that relationships with romantic partners and social support do little to explain this association. This research extends past literature by illuminating some mechanisms through which maternal depression matters for children; by utilizing longitudinal measures of depression; by employing rigorous statistical techniques to lend confidence to the findings; and by using a large, diverse, and non-clinical sample of children most susceptible to maternal depression. Given that early childhood problem behaviors lay a crucial foundation for short- and long-term life trajectories, the social consequences of maternal depression may be far-reaching.     

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Bipolar Disorder: Implications for Clinical Social Workers

ABSTRACT

The purposes of this review article are to orient clinical social workers to cognitive-behavioral theory, intervention, and research on bipolar disorder (BD); identify pros and cons of applying cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to social work clients with BD; and identify specific implications for clinical social work practice. Of the 545 articles that were obtained via the systematic review, 18 studies were identified as being potentially eligible for inclusion, and 9 of those studies ultimately satisfied the inclusion criteria. The results of each study were summarized via identifying statistically significant (p< .05) differences that existed between experimental cohorts who received CBT (plus pharmacotherapy) and control cohorts who received treatment as usual. Outcomes showed CBT cohorts as having significant improvement over their respective control groups. The review's implications for clinical social workers and the need for future research are discussed.     

Book Reviews

No abstract available for this article.     

Sex and Gender Implications in Cases of Elder Abuse

This paper focuses on caregiving which has failed. Although little attention has been given to the role of sex and gender in elder abuse, an analysis of 77 cases of elder abuse seen in the Detroit area in 1981 revealed that both factors play a role in generating elder abuse, neglect, or exploitation, or in determining its form. Gender issues included: patterns of spouse abuse in old a e; gender differences in the types of abuse/neglect/exploitation wfich were perpetrated; gender concerns of the abuser which generate abuse; and sex or gender discrimination as a type of abuse of the elderly. Sexual factors observed included: parent-child incest; marital rape in old age; and problems of sexual malfunction which helped to generate the abuse. Suggestions for improved professional identification and management of elder abuse cases are made.